Redheads Club
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posted by Dark-Blood
Modern

Today, red hair is most commonly found at the northern and western fringes of Europe; it is associated particularly with the people located in the British Isles (although Victorian era ethnographers claimed that the Udmurt people of the Volga were "the most red-headed men in the world").[10] Redheads are common among Germanic and Celtic peoples.

Redheads constitute approximately 4% of the European population.[11] Scotland has the highest proportion of redheads; 13% of the population has red hair and approximately 40% carries the recessive redhead gene.[12] Ireland has the saat highest...
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posted by Dark-Blood
Not long ago, newspapers and magazines reported that, sejak the end of the century, redheads, of whom I am one, will be extinct. Gone. Kaput. Since then, other scientists have raised doubts about the great redhead extinction theory, especially since the research was conducted sejak the oxford Hair Foundation—which is funded sejak Procter & Gamble, which manufactures hair dye. Still, who can say for sure who is right? I'm sure that, back in their day, the Dinosaur were pretty smug too.

Where will we be without people like Danny Bonaduce? Bad example. How about Dwight Eisenhower? Ike was a redhead....
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posted by Dark-Blood
Compared to blondes atau brunettes, redheads are lebih than twice as likely to avoid going to the dentist—and they may have good reason. The same genetic variant that explains their fiery locks also makes redheads resistant to local anesthesia, such as Novocaine, explaining their dread of dental procedures, universiti of Louisville researchers reported in Journal of the American Dental Association.

In fact, redheads may need 20 percent lebih anesthesia, researchers from the same center reported in an earlier study, in which women with bright red hair were compared to those with dark tresses. And...
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A common belief about redheads is that they have fiery tempers and sharp tongues. In Anne of Green Gables, a character says of Anne Shirley, the redheaded heroine, that "her temper matches her hair", while in The Catcher in the Rye, Holden Caulfield remarks that "People with red hair are supposed to get mad very easily, but Allie [his dead brother] never did, and he had very red hair."

During the early stages of modern medicine, red hair was thought to be a sign of a sanguine temperament.[50] In the Indian medicinal practice of Ayurveda, redheads are seen as most likely to have a Pitta temperament....
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In his book "I Say No" Wilkie Collins (1885) wrote "The prejudice against habitual silence, among the lower order of the people, is almost as inveterate as the prejudice against red hair."

In modern-day UK, the words "ginger" atau "ginga" are sometimes used to describe red-headed people (and are at times considered insulting),[58] with terms such as "gingerphobia" (hatred towards redheads)[59] atau "gingerism" (prejudice against redheads)[60] used sejak the British media. In Britain, redheads are also sometimes referred to disparagingly as "carrot tops" and "carrot heads". (The comedian "Carrot Top"...
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posted by Dark-Blood
Genetics

The alleles Arg151Cys, Arg160Trp, Asp294His, and Arg142His on MC1R are shown to be recessives for the red hair phenotype.[26] The gene HCL2 (also called RHC atau RHA) on chromosome 4 may also be related to red hair.[27][28]

In species other than primates, red hair has different genetic origins and mechanisms.

Evolution

Origins

Red hair is the rarest natural hair color in humans. The non-tanning skin associated with red hair may have been advantageous in far-northern climates where sunlight is scarce. Studies sejak Bodmer and Cavalli-Sforza (1976) hypothesized that lighter skin pigmentation prevents...
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The Drawbacks:

- "Hiding behind your hair and hoping nobody will recognize you" is never an option.

- Wearing red makes anda look like an apple.

- anda are always the most pale person around.

- anda are never forgiven for being normal.

- anda are constantly being ask if anda dye your hair.

- No mater how good anda are at imitating Harry Potter, anda always end up looking like Ron Weasley.

- anda are forever being compared with Pippi Longstocking/carrots/random Scottish people (no offence to Scottish).

- anda always stand out in the crowd.

- Gingerism and anti-ginger jokes. 'Nuff said.



And Not-So-Much-Drawbacks...
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Mary Magdalene is commonly portrayed with long red hair, as in this painting sejak Anthony Frederick Augustus Sandys
The Hebrew word usually translated "ruddy" atau "reddish-brown" (admoni (ואדמני), from the root ADM (אדם, see also Adam and Edom))[90][91][92][93] was used to describe both Esau and David. Despite the fact hair colour is not mentioned in the passages, the descriptions led to a later Ashkenazi tradition that David and Esau were a red-head.[citation needed]

Early artistic representations of Mary Magdalene usually depict her as having long flowing red hair, although a description...
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The term ang mo (Chinese: 红毛; pinyin: hóng máo; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: âng-mo͘) in Hokkien (Min Nan) Chinese means "red-haired",[79] and is used in Malaysia and Singapore to refer to English people. The epithet is sometimes rendered as ang mo kui (红毛鬼) meaning "red-haired devil", similar to the Cantonese term gweilo ("foreign devil"). Thus it is viewed as racist and derogatory sejak some people.[80] Others, however, maintain it is acceptable.[81] Despite this ambiguity, it is a widely used term. It appears, for instance, in Singaporean newspapers such as The Straits Times,[82] and in Televisyen programmes and films.

The Chinese characters for ang mo are the same as those in the historical Japanese term Kōmō (紅毛), which was used during the Edo period (1603–1868) as an epithet for Dutch atau Northern European people. It primarily referred to Dutch traders who were the only Europeans allowed to trade with Jepun during Sakoku, its 200-year period of isolation.[83]
posted by Dark-Blood
Redhead extinction is the idea that the recessive gene that causes red hair will eventually die out. Read about the theories behind redhead extinction.
In August 2007, many news organizations reported that redheads atau "gingers," as our British and Australian Friends call them, would eventually become extinct. Other news outlets and blogs picked up the story, citing the "Oxford Hair Foundation" atau "genetic scientists" who claimed that there would be no lebih redheads sejak as early as 2060 [source: The Courier Mail]. It turns out that all those people were wrong. Redheads are here to stay and...
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posted by Dark-Blood
A 2007 lapor in The Courier-Mail, which cited the National Geographic magazine and unnamed "geneticists", berkata that red hair is likely to die out in the near future.[33] Other blogs and news sources ran similar stories that attributed the research to the magazine atau the "Oxford Hair Foundation". However, a HowStuffWorks artikel says that the foundation was funded sejak hair-dye maker Procter & Gamble, and that other experts had dismissed the research as either lacking in evidence atau simply bogus. The National Geographic artikel in fact states "while redheads may decline, the potential for red isn't going away".[34]

Red hair is caused sejak a relatively rare recessive gene, the expression of which can skip generations. It is not likely to disappear at any time in the foreseeable future.[34]
Barbarossa (Redbeard), Ottoman Admiral
Red hair was thought to be a mark of a beastly sexual desire and moral degeneration. A savage red-haired man is portrayed in the fable sejak Grimm brothers (Der Eisenhans) as the spirit of the forest of iron. Theophilus Presbyter describes how the blood of a red-haired young man is necessary to create emas from copper, in a mixture with the ashes of a basilisk.[56]

Montague Summers, in his translation of the Malleus Maleficarum,[57] notes that red hair and green eyes were thought to be the sign of a witch, a werewolf atau a vampire during the Middle Ages;


Those...
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posted by Dark-Blood
Woman with red hair, Papua New Guinea. Melanesians have a significant incidence of fair hair, caused sejak a genetic mutation different from European blond and red hair[4]
Several accounts sejak Greek writers mention redheaded people. A fragment sejak the poet Xenophanes describes the Thracians as blue-eyed and red haired.[5] Herodotus described the Budini people as being predominantly red haired. Dio Cassius described Boudica, Queen of the Iceni, of the ancient Britons, to be "tall and terrifying in appearance... a great mass of red hair... over her shoulders."

The Roman historian Tacitus commented...
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Why redheads have a head start in the health stakes


Actress Julianne Moore

It is not the image classically associated with peak health and fitness.

But scientists have found that ginger hair and a pale skin offer an important advantage in the survival game.

Redheads, it would seem, boast a secret genetic weapon which enables them to fight off certain debilitating and potentially deadly illnesses lebih efficiently than blondes atau brunettes.

A pale complexion permits lebih sunlight into the skin, where it encourages the productionof vitamin D. This helps to prevent rickets, a disease which progressively...
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posted by Dark-Blood
A close-up view of red hair
The pigment pheomelanin gives red hair its distinctive color. Red hair has far lebih of the pigment pheomelanin than it has of the dark pigment eumelanin.

The genetics of red hair, discovered in 1997, appear to be associated with the melanocortin-1 receptor (MC1R), which is found on chromosome 16. Red hair is associated with fair skin color because of low concentrations of eumelanin throughout the body of those with red hair. This lower melanin-concentration confers the advantage that a sufficient concentration of important Vitamin D can be produced under low light...
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posted by Dark-Blood
Red hair of pathological origin

Most red hair is caused sejak the MC1R gene and is non-pathological. However, in rare cases red hair can be associated with disease atau genetic disorder:
In cases of severe malnutrition, normally dark human hair may turn red atau blonde. The condition, part of a syndrome known as kwashiorkor, is a sign of critical starvation caused chiefly sejak protein deficiency, and is common during periods of famine.
One variety of albinism (Type 3, aka rufous albinism), sometimes seen in Africans and inhabitants of New Guinea, results in red hair and red-colored skin.[48]
Red hair is found on people lacking pro-opiomelanocortin.[48][49]
posted by Dark-Blood
Red hair occurs naturally on approximately 1–2% of the human population.[1] It occurs lebih frequently (2–6%) in people of northern atau western European ancestry, and less frequently in other populations. Red hair appears in people with two copies of a recessive gene on chromosome 16 which causes a mutation in the MC1R protein.

Red hair varies from a deep burgundy through burnt orange to bright copper. It is characterized sejak high levels of the reddish pigment pheomelanin and relatively low levels of the dark pigment eumelanin. The term redhead (originally redd hede) has been in use since at...
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Melanin in the skin aids UV tolerance through suntanning, but fair-skinned persons lack the levels of melanin needed to prevent UV-induced DNA-damage. Studies have shown that red hair alleles in MC1R increase freckling and decrease tanning ability.[35] It has been found that Europeans who are heterozygous for red hair exhibit increased sensitivity to UV radiation.[36]

Red hair and its relationship to UV sensitivity are of interest to many melanoma researchers. Sunshine can both be good and bad for a person's health and the different alleles on MC1R represent these adaptations. It also has been shown that individuals with pale skin are highly susceptible to a variety of skin cancers such as melanoma, basal cell carcinoma, and squamous cell carcinoma.[37][38]
posted by Dark-Blood
Two studies have demonstrated that people with red hair have different sensitivity to pain compared to people with other hair colors. One study found that people with red hair are lebih sensitive to thermal pain (associated with naturally occurring low vitamin K levels),[39] while another study concluded that redheads are less sensitive to pain from multiple modalities, including noxious stimuli such as electrically induced pain.[40][41][42]

Researchers have found that people with red hair require greater amounts of anesthetic.[43] Other research publications have concluded that women with naturally...
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posted by Dark-Blood
"The Accolade" sejak Edmund Blair Leighton
Queen Elizabeth I of England was a redhead, and during the Elizabethan era in England, red hair was fashionable for women. In modern times, red hair is subject to fashion trends; selebriti such as Nicole Kidman, Alyson Hannigan, Marcia Cross, Christina Hendricks, Emma Stone and Geri Halliwell can boost sales of red hair dye.[citation needed]

Sometimes, red hair darkens as people get older, becoming a lebih brownish color atau losing some of its vividness. This leads some to associate red hair with youthfulness, a quality that is generally considered desirable....
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